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Abstract

Collection of historical documents compiled by Charles Taylor, author of the 1882 town history of Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Includes Court of Common Pleas cases, deeds, estate papers, indentures, land surveys, sheriff's writs, town history reference documents, Samuel Rossiter's financial papers, and genealogical research papers for over 40 families.

Access:

The collection is open for research.

Language:

English.
Great Barrington Historical Documents Collection, 1731-1904
7 boxes (5 linear ft.)
Call no.: MS 104

Contents of Collection

The Great Barrington Historical Documents Collection was compiled by Charles Taylor, author of the 1882 town history. In large measure, it represents an incomplete but fascinating collection of documentation for facets of the town's social history. Great Barrington, Massachusetts developed out of the Upper and Lower Housatonic townships which were settled in 1722. The Proprietors of what was to become Great Barrington actually began to lay out and distribute land in 1733-1734, a process their successors completed in 1793.

The collection, totaling about 600 items, provides important insights into aspects of the town's development, particularly concerning land. Folder 135 in Series 7, for instance, contains copies of the Proprietor's land distribution activities. Series 2 (Deeds) and Series 5 (Land Surveys) document the sale of property and efforts to obtain accurate boundaries from the time of the initial settlement. Moreover, Series 4 (Indentures) is concerned principally with the leasing of land to individuals for farming.

Several series show the impact on townspeople of larger social and political events. The documents in Series 1 offer insight into the rural problems that led to Shays' Rebellion. The Court of Common Pleas cases (the majority occurring between 1784 and 1787) reveal the credit and cash difficulties facing Massachusetts farmers following the Revolution. Series 6 (Sheriff's Writs), on the other hand, documents the continuing problem of rural indebtedness (particularly in the first American recession of 1817-1820), but also reveals a transitional era in the local economy. An increasing number of cases involve artisans and laborers, marking a shift to a market economy. The high number of court cases involving debt (22 in 1817 alone) also evinces a change in the social and economic consciousness of rural New Englanders.

Other series open avenues to broader questions. For instance, the documents in Series 8 cover the years of Samuel Rossiter's indebtedness and eventual insolvency prior to 1800. However, Rossiter is also a major actor in acquiring land (Series 2), pursuing debtors (Series 1 and 6), and establishing himself as a landlord. Rossiter's progression from a farmer to a yeoman to a gentleman is perhaps an interesting example of the transforming power of the market in the rural economy. Series 6 (Town History Documents) likewise offers glimpses of controversies over roads, riparian rights, militia service, early court cases, school expenses, and temperance. This series also contains a notice from the town's Committee of Correspondence (July 9, 1776) demanding that certain citizens surrender their weapons.

Great Barrington is also important as the birthplace of W.E.B. Du Bois. Du Bois' maternal ancestors, the Burghardts, were long-time residents of the town. Although a number of Burghardts appear in these documents, it does not seem that any were close relatives of Du Bois. One of the sheriff's writs in 1821 (folder 108), however, does involve a James Freeman who was perhaps Du Bois' uncle.

Organization of the Collection

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Inventory of Collection
Series 1. Court of Common Pleas Cases 1784-1815

This series contains the final award of 34 cases. Most involve the debt of farmers in Great Barrington and surrounding towns; thirteen occur in the years between 1784-1787 and provide some of the background for the events leading to Shays' Rebellion. Arranged chronologically.

Ives v. Curtis 1784
Box 1:1
Goodrich v. Harlbut 1784
Box 1:2
VanDeusen v. Sprague 1784
Box 1:3
Mansfield v. Burghardt 1784
Box 1:4
Hickock v. Bush 1784
Box 1:5
VanDeusen v. Herrick 1784
Box 1:6
Gilbert v. Fitch 1784
Box 1:7
Totten v. Younglove 1785
Box 1:8
Fitch v. Messenger 1785
Box 1:9
King v. Lard 1785
Box 1:10
Smith v. Fitch 1785
Box 1:11
Laverge v. Bryan 1786
Box 1:12
King v. Ingersoll 1787
Box 1:13
Brunson v. Hopkins 1789
Box 1:14
Brunson v. Palmer 1789
Box 1:15
Canfied v. Baker 1790
Box 1:16
Cooper v. Darby 1791
Box 1:17
Cooper v. Lombard 1791
Box 1:18
Lombard v. Gregory 1792
Box 1:19
Pepoon v. Sergeant, et al 1793
Box 1:20
Ensign v. Noble 1794
Box 1:21
Brimsmaid v. Van Deusen 1795
Box 1:22
Hogeboom v. Darby 1797
Box 1:23
Chadwick v. Gregory 1798
Box 1:24
Chapin v. Clark 1799
Box 1:25
Hogeboom v. Hubbard 1799
Box 1:26
Hill v. Daley, et al 1800
Box 1:27
Broom, et al v. Dewey 1801
Box 1:28
Rossiter v. Hopkins and Ransom 1802
Box 1:29
Rynders v. Pierce 1802
Box 1:30
Van Deusen v. Hogeboom 1803
Box 1:31
Pitkin v. Buber 1810
Box 1:32
Kilborn v. Morse 1815
Box 1:33
Commonwealth v. Pitkin n.d.
Box 1:34

Series 2. Deeds 1741-1865

Containing about 80 property transactions, this series reflects sales principally from 1790 to 1840. In particular, the documents here reflect the prodigious land acquisition of Samuel Rossiter (36 transactions), Thomas Ives (20), and George Pynchon (11), and the declining property holdings of some of the early families, including the Whitneys, Roots, and Hopkins. Arranged chronologically.

Sales 1741
Box 2:35
Sales 1765-1767
Box 2:36
Sales 1773-1777
Box 2:37
Sales 1783-1786
Box 2:38
Sales 1790-1794
Box 2:39
Sales 1795-1797
Box 2:40
Sales 1798-1799
Box 2:41
Sales 1800
Box 2:42
Sales 1801-1803
Box 2:43
Sales 1806-1810
Box 2:44
Sales 1811
Box 2:45
Sales 1812
Box 2:46
Sales 1813
Box 2:47
Sales 1814
Box 2:48
Sales 1815-1816
Box 2:49
Sales 1817-1818
Box 2:50
Sales 1819
Box 2:51
Sales 1820-1821
Box 2:52
Sales 1822-1824
Box 2:53
Sales 1826
Box 2:54
Sales 1827-1829
Box 2:55
Sales 1831-1832
Box 2:56
Sales 1837-1840
Box 2:57
Sales 1843-1865
Box 2:58
Sales n.d.
Box 2:59

Series 3. Estate Records 1755-1811

Shown here are scattered estate inventories, wills, and executor's expenses for seven estates. Of particular interest are the documents of 3 Ingersoll family estates, and the detailed will and inventory of Hewitt Root. Arranged alphabetically by name.

David Ingersoll 1755
Box 2:60
Israel Ingersoll n.d.
Box 2:61
Peter Ingersoll 1789
Box 2:62
Hewitt Root 1788-1792
Box 2:63
Stephen Sibley 1809-1811
Box 2:64
Moses Stocking n.d.
Box 2:65
Isaac Van Deusen 1809
Box 2:66

Series 4. Indentures 1798-1827

Most of the more than 50 indentures here reflect the farm leasing activities of Thomas Ives and are interesting for the detailed description of the terms of the lease. Several of the later indentures show the increased activity of Samuel Rossiter in this area. Of particular interest is the 1812 case of Kasson Freeman (folder 81), in which Thomas Ives had great difficulty in forcing Freeman to adhere to the terms of the indenture; and the beginnings, in 1808, of Ives' leasing of carding machines to Dudley Woodworth. Arranged chronologically.

Isaac Van Deusen 1798
Box 3:67
Parin Batchellor, John Eldridge, Isaac Preston 1799
Box 3:68
Melanston Foster, Levi Ormsby, Marson Whiting 1800
Box 3:69
Richard Francis, Ormsby, Andrew Hollenbeck 1803-1805
Box 3:70
Aaron Phelps, Benjamin Rogers, Ethel Jones 1806
Box 3:71
Martin Richmond, Joseph Buel 1807
Box 3:72
Jabez Jones, Palmer Utley, Jared Selley, Dudley Woodworth 1808
Box 3:73
Jones, Daniel Pixley, John Kennedy, Jonathan Turner, Samuel Barstow, Utley 1809
Box 3:74
Barstow, Kennedy, Aaron Otis, Nicholas Hearse 1810
Box 3:75
Hollenbeck, Otis, Woodworth, Samuel Billings, Barstow, David Boardsley, John Burghardt 1811
Box 3:76-77
Otis, Woodworth, Hollenbeck, Billings, Barstow, Lewis Goram, James Reese, Con Mooney, Dan Weed 1812
Box 3:78-80
Kasson Freeman 1812
Box 3:81
Seeley, Weed, Billings, Barstow 1813
Box 3:82
James Humphrey and S. Rossiter 1815
Box 3:83
Sylvester Burt 1827
Box 3

Series 5. Land Surveys 1792-1860

Many of the surveys in this series were commissioned by George (between 1813-51) and Walter Pynchon (between 1792-1839) for their extensive holdings in the town. Arranged alphabetically by name.

John Ashley n.d.
Box 4:84
John Burghardt 1793
Box 4:85
P. Chapin n.d.
Box 4:86
W. Deland n.d.
Box 4:87
Greene and Walker n.d.
Box 4:88
Hopkins family 1824
Box 4:89
Ives family 1833
Box 4:90
John Kellogg 1792
Box 4:91
Leavenworth family 1831
Box 4:92
Morris Loomis n.d.
Box 4:93
George Pynchon 1813-1851
Box 4:94
Walter Pynchon 1792-1839
Box 4:95
Josiah Smith 1860
Box 4:96
R. Taylor 1845
Box 4:97
S. Trobridge 1845
Box 4:98
David Wainwright n.d.
Box 4:99
Whiting family 1810-1831
Box 4:100
Unidentified 1791-1858
Box 4:101

Series 6. Sheriff's Writs 1743-1869 (bulk 1801-1827)

Included in this series are a large number of writs addressed to sheriff Ezra Kellogg for failure to pay creditors, coinciding with the first major American economic depression (1817-21). Evident in these documents is the increasing propensity of town residents to pursue their neighbors for even small amounts of money. Also evident are the increasing numbers of actions against artisans, reflecting the changing nature of the town's economy. A list of names mentioned in this series is included in folder 102. Arranged chronologically.

Writs & List 1743-1744 3 items Box 4:102
Writs 1801-1816 3 items Box 4:103
Writs 1817 22 items Box 4:104
Writs 1818 2 items Box 4:105
Writs 1819 6 items Box 4:106
Writs 1820 3 items Box 4:107
Writs 1821 9 items Box 4:108
Writs 1822-1827 15 items Box 4:109
Writ 1869 1 item Box 4:110

Series 7. Town History Documents 1731-1904

Series 7 contains an array of documents covering events and institutions in the town's history, including correspondence (July 9, 1776) warning certain people to put down their arms and a 1754 court case involving a false alarm about an Indian raid. Among other subjects covered are the riparian rights of mill sites, roads, bridges, town buildings, militia duties, school expenses, Revolutionary War reimbursements, and some correspondence. Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Committee of Correspondence notice 1776
Box 5:111
Complaint vs. Militia Delinquents 1812
Box 5:112
Correspondence--Thomas Ives 1789-1795
Box 5:113
Correspondence--Thomas Ives 1804-1811
Box 5:114
Correspondence --G. Kindale 1770
Box 5:115
Correspondence --Mary Pynchon pension 1846
Box 5:116
Correspondence --Samuel Rossiter 1819
Box 5:117
Correspondence --Peter Van Ness 1769
Box 5:118
Court cases 1754-1755
Box 5:119
Duty on carriage 1799
Box 5:120
Fire at Isaac Pixley's 1787
Box 5:120a
Highway plan 1764
Box 5:121
Iron bridge 1867
Box 5:122
Militia appointment 1794
Box 5:123
Mill Claims vs. Proprietors n.d.
Box 5:124
Minutes of Bear Town roads 1792-1797
Box 5:125
Miscellaneous receipts 1777-1821
Box 5:126
Muddy Brook Settlers 1770-1870
Box 5:127
Newspaper clippings 1883-1904
Box 5:128
Petition against assigned road from Stockbridge to Great Barrington 1810
Box 5:129
Petition against the Sheffield Turnpike 1805
Box 5:130
Petition Against Town Officers n.d.
Box 5:131
Petition of Peter Nusted 1800
Box 5:132
Pluma Sumner Obituary n.d.
Box 5:133
Power of Attorney--David Ingersoll 1731, 1741
Box 5:134
Proprietors Records--Land Distribution 1734-1793
Box 5:135
Protestant Episcopal Church n.d.
Box 5:136
Revolutionary Soldier Tombstones 1895-1896
Box 5:137
Revolutionary War reimbursements 1782
Box 5:138
School Expenses 1814-1880
Box 5:139
School House Shares 1810-1819
Box 5:140
Sheriff's Auction 1807
Box 5:141
Simon's Rock 1898
Box 5:142
Stories and Anecdotes n.d.
Box 5:143
Town Hall 1874-1876
Box 5:144
Town History notes n.d.
Box 5:145
Town House 1837-1845
Box 5:146
Town Meetings 1761-1811
Box 5:147
Voters' Register 1818
Box 5:148
Washington Benevolent Society 1812
Box 5:149
Water Company 1865-1868
Box 5:150
Willard Family 1738-1819
Box 5:151

Series 8. Samuel Rossiter Financial Records 1790-1821
(oversize flat box)

Included here are a series of documents concerning the debt, assets, and eventual insolvency of Rossiter in 1799. Rossiter rebounded from this to amass considerable holdings in Great Barrington by 1815 (see, in particular, series 1, 2, 4, and 6). Arranged chronologically.

Documents relating to Indentures, Insolvency, and Estate 1790-1821
Box 6:152-154

Series 9. Charles Taylor Genealogical Material 1877-1901

This series consists of correspondence, documents, and notes, compiled by Great Barrington historian Charles Taylor concerning local families. Arranged alphabetically by family name.

Bacon 1899
Box 7:155
Barnaby n.d.
Box 7:156
Bement 1894
Box 7:157
Bronson 1900
Box 7:158
Crittendin 1897-1898
Box 7:159
Daniel-Thompson n.d.
Box 7:160
Danks 1891
Box 7:161
Day 1898
Box 7:162
Dersey 1897-1898
Box 7:163
Farmer 1893
Box 7:164
Foote 1894
Box 7:165
Gay 1896-1897
Box 7:166
Gilbert 1893
Box 7:167
Gregson n.d.
Box 7:168
Gridley 1895
Box 7:169
Hyde 1877
Box 7:170
Ingersoll 1893
Box 7:171
Ives 1895-1900
Box 7:172
King 1894
Box 7:173
Kinne 1898-1899
Box 7:174
Leavenworth 1879-1880
Box 7:175
Peyer 1899
Box 7:176
Pier 1898-1899
Box 7:177
Pixley 1901
Box 7:178
Plummer 1897-1898
Box 7:179
Porter 1877-1900
Box 7:180
Posell 1893
Box 7:181
Pynchon 1896
Box 7:182
Ransom 1891
Box 7:183
Rossiter 1898
Box 7:184
Sutliffe 1897-1899
Box 7:185
Talcott 1897
Box 7:186
Taylor 1888-1901
Box 7:187
Turner 1879-1897
Box 7:188
Van Deusen 1898
Box 7:189

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Provenance

Acquired from: Robert Lucas

Processing Information

Processed by Ken Fones-Wolf, December 1985.

Copyright and Use (More informationConnect to publication information)

Cite as: Great Barrington Historical Documents Collection (MS 104). Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries.

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Names and Subject Terms
Subjects
  • Debt--Massachusetts--Great Barrington (Town)--History--Sources.
  • Farm tenancy--Massachusetts--Great Barrington (Town)--History--Sources.
  • Great Barrington (Mass. : Town)--Economic conditions--Sources.
  • Great Barrington (Mass. : Town)--Genealogy.
  • Great Barrington (Mass. : Town)--History--Sources.
  • Great Barrington (Mass. : Town)--Politics and government--Sources.
  • Great Barrington (Mass. : Town)--Social conditions--Sources.
  • Ives, Thomas.
  • Kellogg, Ezra.
  • Land use--Massachusetts--Great Barrington (Town)--History--Sources.
  • Pynchon, George.
  • Pynchon, Walter.
  • Root, Hewitt.
  • Rossiter, Samuel--Finance, Personal.
  • Taylor, Charles J. (Charles James), 1824-1904.
Genre terms
  • Deeds.
  • Genealogies.
  • Indentures.
  • Land surveys.
  • Writs.